Biblical Apologetics

In his ambitious work, In Quest of the Historical Adam, philosopher and theologian William Lane Craig attempts to bridge the gap between evolutionary science and biblical hermeneutics. His central thesis relies on classifying the first eleven chapters of Genesis as mytho-history a term borrowed from Assyriologist Thorkild Jacobsen. This classification serves as a middle ground, allowing Craig to treat the narrative as having a historical core while maintaining that the literary "clothing" of the stories is metaphorical or symbolic. The Cake and the Eating: Defining Mytho-History You’ve hit on the central critique of Craig’s approach: the idea of "having your cake and eating it too." By labeling Genesis 1-11 as mytho-history, Craig argues that the biblical authors were not providing a literal, journalistic account of origins. Instead, they used the common "myth" genre of the Ancient Near East to communicate profound theological truths about a re...

In his controversial and dense work, In Quest of the Historical Adam, Dr. William Lane Craig attempts a precarious balancing act. For decades, Craig was the champion of "Kalam," a cosmological argument that uses the beginning of the universe to prove a Transcendent Cause. Yet, in this book, he pivots toward a hermeneutic that many of his long-time followers find jarring. By classifying the opening chapters of Genesis as mytho-history, Craig moves decisively away from concordism, the attempt to harmonize the biblical narrative with scientific data, and in doing so, creates a profound tension with his previous philosophical legacy. The Rejection of Concordism Concordism is the belief that the Bible and modern science, when properly understood, will provide a unified account of physical reality. A concordist looks at the "days" of Genesis and tries to find their equivalent in geological epochs or Big Bang cosmology. Craig, however, argues that concordism is...

The origins of our solar system have long been a battlefield between literalist interpretations of sudden creation and the gradual, elegant processes revealed by modern astrophysics. The Young Earth Creationist (YEC) model posits that the sun, moon, and planets were brought into existence "whole" and "mid-orbit" essentially functioning at full capacity from the first moment of their creation. However, the physical evidence etched into the very motion of our planets, combined with groundbreaking imagery from deep space, suggests a much more profound story of growth. This narrative of a "built" universe doesn't just satisfy scientific rigor; it finds a surprising, poetic resonance in the ancient "construction" metaphors of Job 38. The Testimony of Motion If the planets were created "whole and mid-orbit" by divine fiat, there is no physical requirement for them to follow a specific pattern. They could orbit in different dir...

The narrative of human longevity is often viewed through a purely biological lens today, yet when harmonized with ancient theological frameworks, a complex battle for the human genome emerges. This struggle centers on the Tree of Life, a biological sustainer that functioned not as a magical "one-off" fruit, but as a consistent source of epigenetic restoration. The Biological Engine: The Tree of Life In the primordial state, the Tree of Life served as the mechanism for physical immortality. Rather than a mystical artifact, it can be understood as an external regulator of cellular health. Modern science has begun to mirror this concept; with over 40,000 articles published on aging and epigenetics, researchers increasingly view aging not as an inevitable biological clock, but as a curable disease akin to diabetes. The Tree of Life likely facilitated what we would now call epigenetic resets. Every time Adam and Eve partook before the Fall the "noise" accumul...

The expulsion from Eden is often framed as a moment of pure divine wrath, a permanent "No Trespassing" sign hammered into the soil of a lost paradise. However, the specific choice of sentry, the Cherubim, and the implementation of the flaming sword suggest a far more complex interplay of mercy, cosmic security, and the prevention of a spiritual catastrophe. While a "simple angel" might have sufficed to keep a physical man away from a physical tree, the presence of the highest order of celestial guardians reveals that the stakes were not just about geography, but about the eternal state of the human soul. The Cherubic Standard: More Than a Security Guard In celestial hierarchy, Cherubim are not the chubby infants of Renaissance art; they are the "mighty ones," described in later visions as having multiple faces and being surrounded by the very glory of God. They are the guardians of God’s holiness. To understand why God placed these specific bei...

The nature of hell and the finality of divine judgment are among the most weightily debated topics in Christian theology. While the doctrine of Annihilationism (or Conditional Immortality) has gained traction—persuading figures like Kirk Cameron to move away from traditional views—the text of Revelation 20:10 remains the most formidable obstacle to that position. For proponents of Eternal Conscious Torment (ECT), this verse is not merely a description of judgment, but a definitive refutation of the idea that the soul simply ceases to exist. The Problem of Conscious Continuity The primary pillar of Annihilationism is the belief that the "Second Death" involves the literal destruction of the soul. They often point to words like "perish" or "consume" to suggest that the Lake of Fire is an incinerator where the wicked are extinguished. However, Revelation 20:10 provides a specific, descriptive window into the mechanics of the Lake of Fire that cont...